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Regulation Evidence — Sources, Locators & Provenance

This folder holds the primary sources that back every regulatory claim in the guide. Each file below lists its canonical URL, what it proves, the exact locator used in the study, and an integrity/provenance note.

Provenance note. Canonical URLs for each file are listed in the tables below. For offline reference, archived copies of the ZATCA-hosted PDFs are sourced from the Internet Archive (identical binaries). The ZATCA e-invoicing SDK files (XML Implementation Standard, Data Dictionary, validation rules, and official sample invoices) are ZATCA's own distributed artefacts, copied from a local installation of the official zatca-einvoicing-sdk (build 238-R3.4.1 / R3.3.5). To download any ZATCA PDF, open the canonical URL in a browser.


A. ZATCA E‑Invoicing — laws, resolutions & guidelines

File What it is / proves Canonical URL Pages
einvoicing-implementation-resolution-EN.pdf E‑Invoicing Implementation Resolution (controls, cryptographic stamp, clearance/reporting basis). https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Introduction/LawsAndRegulations/Documents/E-Invoicing%20Implementation%20Resolution_EN.pdf 33
einvoicing-controls-requirements-techspecs-2021.pdf Controls, Requirements, Technical Specifications and Procedural Rules for implementing the E‑Invoicing Regulation (2021‑06‑02). Cryptographic stamp, generation/transmission obligations. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Introduction/LawsAndRegulations/Documents/20210602_ZATCA_Electronic_Invoice_Resolution_English_Vshared.pdf 32
einvoicing-detailed-guideline-may2023.pdf E‑Invoicing Detailed Guideline (v2, May 2023). §1.5 scope (third party "on behalf of"), §2.14 invoice ref number, §2.15 Clearance, §2.16 Reporting (24h), §4.2 simplified invoices. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Introduction/Guidelines/Documents/E-Invoicing_Detailed__Guideline.pdf 66
einvoicing-detailed-technical-guideline-nov2022.pdf E‑Invoicing Detailed Technical Guideline (Nov 2022). Onboarding, CSID, signing, QR/TLV. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Introduction/Guidelines/Documents/E-invoicing-Detailed-Technical-Guideline.pdf 81
einvoice-xml-implementation-standard-v1.2-2023.pdf Electronic Invoice XML Implementation Standard v1.2 (2023‑05‑19). Newer revision of the standard below. https://zatca.gov.sa/ar/E-Invoicing/SystemsDevelopers/Documents/20230519_ZATCA_Electronic_Invoice_XML_Implementation_Standard_%20vF.pdf 72
einvoicing-faq-EN.pdf ZATCA E‑Invoicing FAQ. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Documents/Einvoicing_FAQ_EN.pdf 17

B. ZATCA E‑Invoicing SDK — official standard, dictionary, rules & sample documents

Copied from the locally‑installed official zatca-einvoicing-sdk (ZATCA's own distribution).

File What it is / proves Pages / type
zatca-sdk-official/20220624_ZATCA_Electronic_Invoice_XML_Implementation_Standard_vF.pdf XML Implementation Standard — the authoritative spec for InvoiceTypeCode/@name flags. BR‑KSA‑06: NNPNESB; 01/02 subtype, P(3)=3rd party, N(4)=nominal, E(5)=exports, S(6)=summary, B(7)=self‑billed; self‑billing barred for exports. "Invoice flags" table: self‑billed = "issued by the buyer instead of the supplier … only applicable in B2B." 75
zatca-sdk-official/EInvoice_Data_Dictionary_20230519.xlsx E‑Invoice Data Dictionary (the official Excel field dictionary). xlsx
zatca-sdk-official/20220624_ZATCA_Electronic_Invoice_Security_Features_Implementation_Standards.pdf Security features (cryptographic stamp, hash chain, QR). 27
zatca-sdk-official/20210819_ZATCA_E-invoice_Validation_Rules.xsl Official schematron validation rules (BR‑KSA‑*). xsl

Sample documents (proof of the @name flags and that the supplier is unchanged)

ZATCA's own sample invoices, as XML and the human‑readable PDF/A‑3. These are the ground truth used in study §4.5/§6.

File InvoiceTypeCode @name Proves
zatca-sample-documents/standard-b2b-tax-invoice.xml (+ .pdf) 0100000 Baseline standard (B2B) tax invoice.
zatca-sample-documents/simplified-b2c-invoice.xml (+ .pdf) 0200000 Baseline simplified (B2C) invoice.
zatca-sample-documents/third-party-billing.xml (+ .pdf) 0110000 Third‑party (pos 3 = 1). AccountingSupplierParty is still the real seller — only the flag changes.
zatca-sample-documents/self-billing-invoice.xml (+ .pdf) 0100001 Self‑billed (pos 7 = 1). Supplier unchanged; buyer issues.
zatca-sample-documents/summary-invoice.xml 0100010 Summary (pos 6 = 1) — for completeness of the flag decoding.

C. VAT Law & Implementing Regulations

File What it is / proves Canonical URL Pages
vat-implementing-regulations-full-EN.pdf VAT Implementing Regulations (full, English). Art. 53(2) self‑billing conditions (prior agreement, both registered, "issued by the Customer on behalf of the Supplier", no‑duplicate certification). Art. 53(3) third‑party issuance ("Supplier shall be responsible for the accuracy … and for reporting Output Tax"). Art. 53(1)(b) 15‑day issuance timing. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Documents/Implmenting%20Regulations%20of%20the%20VAT%20Law_EN.pdf 81
vat-agents-guideline.pdf VAT Agents Guideline (July 2020). §4.2 Principal/Agent; §5 agent acting on behalf of principal (disclosed → principal is supplier); §6.1–6.2 agent acting in own name = "undisclosed agent / commissionaire", treated as a Principal for VAT purposes. https://zatca.gov.sa/en/HelpCenter/guidelines/Documents/Agents%20Guideline.pdf 38
vat-implementing-regulations-amended-apr2025-pwc.pdf PwC summary of the approved VAT IR amendments (Official Gazette 18 Apr 2025). The clear, citable statement of the electronic‑marketplace deemed‑supplier rule (Art. 47 ¶3), effective 1 January 2026, incl. Scenarios A/B and the exception conditions; also the 15‑day credit‑note deadline. Secondary source (Big‑4 summary); the official amendment text is the Arabic Official Gazette referenced therein. https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/tax/documents/2025/saudi-arabia-vat-implementing-regulations-amended-april-2025.pdf 6

D. Claim → source map (quick audit)

Study claim File Locator
Clearance applies to standard, not simplified; reporting within 24h einvoicing-detailed-guideline-may2023.pdf §2.15, §2.16
Cryptographic stamp inserted only on compliant invoices einvoicing-controls-requirements-techspecs-2021.pdf Clauses on Cryptographic Stamp
Disclosed agent → principal is supplier vat-agents-guideline.pdf §4.2, §5
Undisclosed agent (commissionaire) treated as principal vat-agents-guideline.pdf §6.1, §6.2
Third party may issue; supplier stays responsible vat-implementing-regulations-full-EN.pdf Art. 53(3)
Self‑billing: both registered + agreement + no duplicate + states self‑billed vat-implementing-regulations-full-EN.pdf Art. 53(2)
Self‑billed only B2B; barred for exports; flag positions zatca-sdk-official/20220624_…XML_Implementation_Standard_vF.pdf BR‑KSA‑06/07/08 + flags table
@name decodings (0100000 / 0200000 / 0110000 / 0100001 / 0100010) zatca-sample-documents/*.xml cbc:InvoiceTypeCode/@name
Deemed‑supplier rule (Art. 47 ¶3) effective 1 Jan 2026; Scenarios A/B; exceptions vat-implementing-regulations-amended-apr2025-pwc.pdf pp. 2 & 4

E. Secondary corroboration (not stored as binaries — URLs only)

  • Grant Thornton — VAT and Electronic Marketplaces in Saudi Arabia: the "Deemed Supplier" Rules for Platforms in 2026: https://www.grantthornton.sa/en/insights/articles-and-publications/vat_and_electronic_marketplace_in_saudi_arabia/
  • EY — Saudi Arabia approves amendments to VAT Implementing Regulations: https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/saudi-arabia-approves-amendments-to-vat-implementing-regulations
  • ZATCA Laws & Regulations index: https://zatca.gov.sa/en/E-Invoicing/Introduction/LawsAndRegulations/Pages/default.aspx